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Objective:To investigate the changes of autonomic nervous active substances in myocardium of rats with acute high-level spinal cord injury.Methods:Twenty-four clean-level healthy adult male SD rats weighting 250-300 g for 8-10 weeks old were divided into control group ( n=6) and spinal cord injury group ( n=18) according to the random number table. The spinal cord injury group was subdivided at 4, 12 and 24 hours, with 6 rats at each time point. The high-level spinal cord injury model was established by the modified Allen′s weight-drop method, and the spinal cord was only exposed in control group. The postoperative performance and BBB score for limb movement were observed in each group. The myocardium of each group was resected and used to observe ultrastructure of myocardial cells under transmission electron microscope and detect protein and mRNA levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), noradrenaline transporter (NET), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) by Western blot and RT-PCR analysis. Results:Rats of control group showed normal limb motion after operation without significant change from the preoperation level, and mean BBB score was 21 points. Rats of spinal cord injury group showed significantly reduced activities and feeding, with flaccid paralysis of both lower limbs as well as no spontaneous excretion, and showed BBB score of 0 point at 4 hours and 12 hours after injury, which was increased slightly at 24 hours after injury, with the highest score for 1 point. The ultrastructure of myocardial cells showed no obvious abnormalities in control group, while different degrees of changes in spinal cord injury group. Compared with control group, Western blot analysis showed that protein levels of TH and NET were decreased, while AChE and ChAT were increased in spinal cord injury group ( P<0.05 or 0.01). Compared with control group, RT-PCR analysis showed that mRNA levels of TH and NET were decreased, while AChE and ChAT were increased in spinal cord injury group ( P<0.05 or 0.01). mRNA levels of TH and NET in spinal cord injury group at 24 hours after injury were significantly different from those at 4 hours and 12 hours after injury (all P<0.05). mRNA levels of ChAT in spinal cord injury group were statistically significant at 12 hours and 24 hours after injury from those at 4 hours after injury, with significant difference at 12 hours and 24 hours after injury (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Sympathetic nerve active substances TH and NET are down-regulated but vagal nerve active substances AChE and ChAT up-regulated in myocardium of rats with acute high-level spinal cord injury, which may be related to the relative excitation of the parasympathetic nerve blocking the sympathetic innervation of the higher center to the heart following high-level spinal cord injury.
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Objective To evaluate the changes in myocardial glucose transporter 4 ( GLUT4 ) membrane translocation in the rats with high-level spinal cord injury ( SCI ) . Methods Thirty-six clean-grade healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-300 g, were divided into 3 groups using a random number table method: control group (group C, n=6), sham operation group (group S, n=6) and high-level SCI group (group SCI, n=24). The model of SCI was established by a modified Allen's method in anesthetized rats. The spinal cord was only exposed in group S. Six rats were selected in C and S groups and at 4, 12, 24 and 48 h after SCI ( T1-4 ) in group SCI, and blood samples were taken from the abdominal aorta to measure the activities of serum creatine kinase and creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB. The rats were then sacrificed, and myocardial specimens were collected for microscopic examination of the ultra-structure ( with a transmission electron microscope) and for determination of ATP weight ratio, phosphoryla-tion of insulin receptor substrate-1 tyrosine and expression of GLUT4 in cell membrane ( by Western blot) . Results Compared with C and S groups, the serum creatine kinase and creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB ac-tivities were significantly increased at T1-4 , the ATP weight ratio was decreased, the expression of GLUT4 in myocardial cell membrane was down-regulated, the expression of phosphorylated insulin receptor sub-strate-1 tyrosine in myocaradium was down-regulated at T2,3 (P＜0. 05), and the pathological changes of myocardial tissues were found in group SCI. There was no significant difference in the indexes mentioned a-bove between group C and group S ( P＞0. 05) . Conclusion The mechanism of myocardial energy metabo-lism disorder may be related to the reduced membrane translocation of GLUT4 in the rats with high-level SCI.
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Based on the data from the -, the bibliometric analysis was applied to analyze and evaluate the literature regarding clinical research of acupuncture for ophthalmopathy published between 1954 to 2016, hoping to objectively reflect the disease spectrum and indication of acupuncture for ophthalmopathy. The results showed that the disease spectrum of acupuncture for ophthalmopathy involved 47 specific diseases in 13 types of diseases. The total number of cases was 176 469, and the number of effective cases was 160 662, and the effective rate was 91.0%. The indication of acupuncture for ophthalmopathy included myopia, blepharoptosis and conjunctivitis. The commonly used indications were strabismus, dry eye and ophthalmoplegia, and the secondary indications were optic atrophy, blepharoptosis, oculomotor paralysis, blepharospasm, amblyopia. The most commonly used acupuncture points for ophthalmopathy were Cuanzhu (BL 2), Jingming (BL 1), Taiyang (EX-HN 5), and the most commonly used auricular points were yan (LO), gan (CO) and shen (CO). As for the methods of acupoint combination, local acupoints were mainly selected, combined with distal acupoint to assist treatment.
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Objective To evaluate the detection performance of the cobas8000 c702 fully automatic biochemical analyzer for de‐tecting the second generation Roche urine trace albumin (ALBU2) .Methods (1) The precise evaluation :with the allowable error stipulated by CLIA 88 as the basis ,the requirements were the repeat precision <1/4TEa ,and intermediate precision <1/3TEa;(2) the linear range and the evaluation of the reportable range :the EP6‐A scheme was adopted ,and extend to calculate the average re‐covery rate of dilution ,the clinical reportable range was evaluated by the average dilution recovery of 90% -110% ;(3) the carry o‐ver pollution assessment :the carry over pollution of serum albumin on urine trace albumin detection was evaluated by the judgment standard of carry over pollution rate of 0 .5% ;(4)the methodological comparative analysis :with SIEMENS BN Ⅱas the reference system ,the Roche Cobas 8000 C702 and the BN2 results were performed the correlation contrastive analysis .Results The repeat precision :low concentration CV=1 .98% .high concentration CV=1 .64% ;intermediate precision :low concentration CV=4 .35% , high concentration CV=1 .20% ;the linear range verification :the measurement range 5 .6-413 .55 mg/L ;clinical reportable range :in the maximum diluted multiples of 30 times ,the clinical reportable range was 5 .6-12 406 .5 mg/L ;the carry over pollution rate :serum albumin (42 .6 g/L) on urine trace albumin(6 .9 mg/L) ,the carry over pollution rate was 0 .28% ;the indoor comparison :in the concentration within 200 mg/L ,the regression line was Y=0 .896 X+5 .049 ,the correlation coefficient r2 =0 .994 4 ,the system shift was passed at the medical decision level .When the specimen concentration within 201-413 .55 mg/L ,the regression line was Y=0 .848X-10 .44 ,the correlation coefficient r2 =0 .917 ,the system shift was not passed at the medical decision level .Conclusion The detection of the Roche ALBU2 in the Cobas 8000 C702 platform can meet the clinical needs ,the comparison among different instruments has difference in different concentration ranges ,therefore the independent reference ranges should be established ac‐cording to the each instrument system .
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Objective: To analyze and review the clinical efficacy of acupuncture (including electroacupuncture) alone for allergic rhinitis (AR) and to compare its efficacy with antihistamines and Chinese patent medicineBi Yan Kang Tablet. Methods: The search strategy, inclusion and exclusion criteria were made according to the principle of evidence-based medicine. We performed a systematic search on China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang), Chongqing VIP Database (CQVIP), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture for allergic rhinitis between January 1990 and December 2015. The quality was evaluated by Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1, and the meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.3 version. Results: Twenty eligible RCTs were included into the meta-analysis after selection. Compared with antihistamines, the meta-analysis showed RR=1.24>1, 95%CI[1.15, 1.33],P0, 95%CI[–10.84, 13.75],P=0.82, indicating that there was no statistical difference between acupuncture and antihistamines in regulating immunoglobulin E (IgE) in AR patients. Compared withBi Yan Kang Tablet, the meta-analysis has shown RR=1.50>1, 95%CI[1.30, 1.73],P<0.00001, indicating that acupuncture achieved a better total effective rate for AR than Chinese patent medicineBi Yan KangTablet. Conclusion: Acupuncture alone can achieve a better total effective rate for AR than antihistamines andBi Yan Kang Tablet. It is also better than antihistamines in improving clinical symptom scores; however, whether acupuncture is better thanBi Yan KangTablet needs further proof. As far as current data are concerned, there was no statistical difference between acupuncture and antihistamines in improving serum IgE; further study is needed in this regard. The risk of bias due to absent randomization methods or blinding implementation decreased the evidence level of the overall conclusion.
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Ovulatory dysfunction refers to absent ovulation or luteal insufficiency. It is commonly seen in women with irregular menstruation or menstrual cycles, especially in those with oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea. Ovulatory dysfunction is considered the single-most frequent cause of female infertility. Clinically, the two major causes of ovulatory dysfunction are polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome (LUFS). Acupuncture-moxibustion improves ovulation and helps with infertility. Through a systematic review and analysis on relevant literatures in Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture-moxibustion Databankover the last decade, this paper summarized the characteristics and pattern of acupuncture-moxibustion points for improving ovulation in order to provide an optimal acupuncture-moxibustion protocol in this regard.
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Objective: By the bibliometrical analysis and evaluation of acupuncture theses on auricular acupoint sticking from 2005 to 2014, the analysis was processed from multiple aspects including the types and numbers of diseases and effective rates of various diseases, in order to objectively reflect the general situation of clinical application of ear point embedding method in the recent years. Methods: By the bibliometrical analysis, the literature on auricular acupoint sticking in the recent ten years was counted up, analyzed and categorized. Results and Conclusion: Auricular acupoint sticking is used clinically for diseases of 16 systems, including 130 diseases. 74 diseases were singularly treated with auricular acupoint sticking, including the advantageous disease category like insomnia, constipation and obesity, and secondary advantageous disease category like dysmenorrhea, myopia, allergic rhinitis, post-operative pain and acne vulgaris.
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Objective To use the AU2700 biochemical analyzer to evaluate the performance of the reagent kit for determining se-rum glycated albumin(GA)by the enzymatic method.Methods On the basis of the relevant documents of CLSI-EP,the perform-ance evaluation of the Lucica GA-L reagent kit for detecting GA was performed on the precision,accuracy,linearity range and refer-ence range;the correlation between the results detected by the two kinds of reagent kit (enzymatic method)was analyzed.Results The reagent had high precision(CV<3%);the dilution had good linearity;the average recovery rate of GA was 97.7%,the average recovery rate of albumin(ALB)was 96.43%;the detection results by the two kinds of reagent kit had good correlation (r2 =0.976, P <0.01).Conclusion The Lucica GA-L reagent kit shows the good analytical performance on the AU2700 biochemical analyzer, which is consistent to the manufacturers statement and can be better used in clinic.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of high-level spinal cord injury (SCI) on the myocardial energy metabolism in rats.Methods Sixty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-300 g,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=30 each) using a random number table:sham operation (group S) and SCI group.SCI was induced in anesthetized rats by dropping a 10 g weight onto C7 spinal cord from 5 cm height falling freely inside a vertical hollow glass tube.At 6,12,24,48 and 72 h after SCI,6 rats in each group were chosen and arterial blood samples were taken for measurement of serum creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB) activities.The rats were then sacrificed and myocardial specimens were obtained for examination of myocardial ultrastructure and for determination of ATP weight ratio,levels of Na+-K+-ATPase,Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase,non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and lactic acid (LD),and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) mRNA and protein (using fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot).Results Compared with group S,the serum CK and CK-MB activities were significantly increased,the ATP weight ratio,activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase and levels of NEFA and LD were decreased,and the expression of PPAR-α mRNA and protein was down-regulated in SCI group.No pathological changes of myocardium were found in group S,and the pathological changes of myocardium were obvious in SCI group.Conclusion High-level SCI can lead to decrease in the myocardial energy metabolism in rats,and down-regulated expression of PPARα is involved in the mechanism.
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By organizing and classifying the literatures related to acupuncture-moxibustion at Jiaji (EX-B 2) points in treating intervertebral disc herniation (IDH) published before December 31, 2013, to summarize the application status and features of Jiaji (EX-B 2) points. It’s found that its most favorable indication is IDH. It also further analyzed the action mechanism of acupuncture-moxibustion at Jiaji (EX-B 2) points in treating IDH, and brought up some ideas to highlight the further study.
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Objective:To objectively and dynamically assess the therapeutic effects of acupuncturemoxibustion on stomach diseases by a review and statistical analysis of year 2000-2009 literature on acupuncture-moxibustion treatment for stomach diseases,facilitate the development of clinical acupuncturemoxibustion from the summarization of individual experience to the study of group experience and further exploit the advantages of acupuncture-moxibustion science.Methods:Statistical and expert analyses were made on the basis of the data from China Modem Acupuncture-moxibustion Information Databank.Results:There were 11 kinds of diseases in the acupuncture-moxibustion spectrum of stomach diseases.It was suggested that points Zusanli(ST 36),Zhongwan(CV 12),Weishu(BL 21),Pishu(BL 20),Neiguan(PC 6)and Sanyinjiao(SP 6)be used as a basic prescription for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of stomach diseases and corresponding treatment be selected according to the character of each disease.Conclusion:acupuncturemoxibustion has a certain therapeutic effect on stomach diseases,but the clinical application and observed cases should be increased.
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Objective: To review literature from 1954 to 2007 and explore the regularity of point selection and methods for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of cerebral palsy. Methods: A comprehensive analysis was made by a method of metrological analysis according to the data from China Modern Acupuncture-moxibustion Information Databank. Results: Points Zusanli (ST 36),Quchi (LI 11) and Hegu (LI 4) were most frequently used. Head points Baihui (GV 20) and Sishencong (Ex-HN 1) were also frequently used. Acupuncture, scalp acupuncture and acupuncture point injection were the major treatments. Conclusion: Acupuncture intervention can improve the therapeutic effect on cerebral palsy. It is suggested that Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (Ex-HN 1),Zusanli (ST 36), Quchi (LI 11) and Hegu (LI 4) be selected as a basic prescription for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of cerebral palsy.
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Objective:To review literature from 1956 to 2007 and explore regularities in points selection and methods for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of allergic rhinitis.Methods:A comprehensive analysis was made by a method of metrological analysis according to the data from China Modem Acupuncture-moxibustion Information Databank.Results:Points Yingxiang (LI 20) and Feishu (BL 13) were most frequently used.Acupuncture and hydro-acupuncture were the major treatment methods.Conclusion:It is suggested that Yingxiang (LI 20),Yintang (Ex-HN 3),Feishu (BL 13) and Dazhui (GV 14) be used as a basic prescription for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of allergic rhinitis,which is combined with point selection based on syndrome differentiation.
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To review year 1956-2007 literature on acupuncture-moxibustion,explore point selection and methods for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of depression.A comprehensive analysis was made by a method of metrological analysis according to the data from China modem acupuncture-moxibustion information databank.The results show that Baihui (GV 20)and Neiguan(PC 6)were the points most frequently used.As an acupuncture-moxibustion treatment for depression,acupuncture ranked first.It is proposed to use Baihui(GV 20)and Neiguan(PC 6)as a basic prescription for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of depression,other points can be selected according to the syndrome.
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Objective:To review year 1956-2007 literature on acupuncture and moxibustion and explore the regularity of point selection and methods for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of lumbar intervertebral disk herniation.Methods:A comprehensive analysis was made by a method of metrological analysis according to the data fromChina modern acupuncture-moxibustion information databank.Results:Points Huantiao(GB 30),Weizhong(BL40),Yanglingquan(GB 34),and Jiaji(Ex-B 2)were most frequently used.Acupuncture was the most frequently used thempy and electroacupuncture,the next one.Conclusion:Electroacupuncture is a common and effective Wav to treat lumbar intervertebral disk herniation.Points Huantiao(GB 30),Weizhong(BL 40),Yanglingquan(GB 34),and Jiaji(Ex-B 2)can be used as a basic prescription for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of lumbar intervertebral disk herniation.Other acupoints are selected according to the syndrome.
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Objective To observe characters of sputum of patients with tracheotomy by heat and moisture exchanger(HEM)undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy(HBOT)in multi-person chamber.Methods In randomly block design,239 patients were selected and received HBOT using HEM combined with L-shape tube(group HEM,n=128)and by L-shape tube(group L,n=111)respectively.The characters and volume of sputum,times of sucking sputum and cases of sealing/extubation of tubes were assessed over first and tenth sessions of HBOT.Results The times of sucking and volume of sputum over first session of HBOT in the group HEM were more than those in group L.The sputum was changing from ropiness over first session to tenuity over tenth sesion(P＜0.01).Cases with sealing/extubation of tubes in group HEM were more than those of group L(P＜0.01).Conclusions It is helpful to humidify and discharge deposited sputum of patients over routine hyperbaric oxygen by HEM.And the case8 of sealing/extubation of tubes are also reduced.
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Statistical analysis was made through computer on the information of insomnia treated by acupuncture in 93 ancient medical books. Statistical results showed that 65 acupoints were used in ancient times, up to 108 times in frequency. The common acupoints are as follows:Gongsun (SP 4), Danshu (BL 19), Yinbai (SP 1), Qihai (CV 6), Tianfu (LU 3), Sanyinjiao (SP 6),Yinlingquan (SP 9), Feishu (BL 13), Yemen (TE 2), Guanyuan (CV 4), Yinjiao (GV 28) et al.The common meridians are Bladder Meridian, Spleen Meridian, Conception Vessel, Stomach Meridian, et al.
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To observe the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture plus three-step analgesic ladder for cancer pain relief.Method:Thirty-siX cases with cancer pain were randomized into a treatment group and a control group.Twenty-four cases in the treatment group were treated with acupuncture plus three-step analgesic ladder approach and 12 cases in the control group were treated with three-step analgesic ladder approach alone.Result:The total effective rate and marked effect rate of the treatment group were 95.8%and 54.2% respectively,while those of the control group were 83.3%and 25.0%respectively,indicating a significant statistical difference (P＜0.05) in terms of the therapeutic efficacy of the two groups and acupuncture plus three-step analgesic ladder approach can further improve the therapeutic efficacy.
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Objective: To review year 1957-2005 literature on acupuncture and moxibustion and explore point selection and methods for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of diarrhea in order to provide objective and reliable data for research on acupuncture and moxibustion standardization. Methods: A comprehensive analysis was made by a method of metrological analysis according to the data from China modern acupuncture-moxibustion information database. Results: Points Zusanli (ST 36), Tianshu (ST 25) and Shenque (CV 8) were the most frequently used and the optimal combination for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of diarrhea.Chronic adult diarrhea was often treated by moxibustion. Acute childhood diarrhea was often treated by point application and injection. Conclusion: Diarrhea is often treated by needling and moxaing methods in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment. It is proposed to use Zusanli (ST 36)and Tianshu (ST 25) as a basic prescription for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of diarrhea and to select points according to the syndrome.
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To review the general situation of acupuncture in treating vascular headache between 1949-2004 in an attempt to promote acupuncture practice, clinical references concerning acupuncture treatment of vascular headache were analyzed on the basis of Chinese Modern Acupuncture Database. From 1956, these references increased annually and steadily. In clinical practice, needling is cardinally used, and the acupoints are selected adjacent to diseased part and on syndrome differentiation.